Amy Taylor PVA Coursework: Personal Study 2nd Draft

After writing my first chapters I found I had far too many words and needed to re-work my Personal Study. Below is my new Personal Study plan along with the new chapters based on my previous work.

Personal Study Structure Plan:

Introduction - This should introduce your theme which should be in the form of a question. What lead you to this theme? What do you hope to find out? WHat artists will you loo at? How will you answer your question/ Conclude. - 300 words

Chapter 1: Chronological study - Choose 3-4 artists (Helen Oxenbury, Kirtsy Mitchell, Cryil Helnwein) Also include key artists found in Paris (Roy Litchenstein). How has your visit informed your ideas and your theme? What artists have had an effect on your ideas and your theme? How has this helped to answer your question? - 600 words

Chapter 2: Paris - Investigate your theme based on you own observations and research into the artists you experienced and what you saw. Compare, contrast and analyse. - 600 words

Chapter 3: Inspirational Artist - Annie Leibovitz - This should be an artist that has had a profound effect on you and your work and your theme. Keep coming back to your theme. See above to help you with this content. - 600 words

Chapter 4: my own development - how has your own work developed as a result of all you have learnt from your personal study? Compare and contrast the work of your work and your artists that you have studied. How will you answer your own question in your work? - 600 words

Conclusion - reflect and evaluate what you have done and learnt. Have you answered your question? - 300 words

Bibliography - books (Author or Editor, Title of book, place of publishing, name of publisher, date of publication). Articles and periodicals, websites, other.

Introduction:

Plan:

This should introduce your theme which should be in the form of a question - How are Fairy Tales represented through Art?
What lead you to this theme? - The work of Annie Leibovitz and the stories of the Brothers Grimm
What do you hope to find out? - I hope to find out how different artists represent Fairy Tales and how they present them
What artists will you look at? - Annie Leibovitz, Kirsty Mitchell, Cyril Helnwein and Helen Oxenbury plus Paris artwork
How will you answer your question? - I will look at others work and try to understand how they present their feelings about Fairy Tales and how they tell a story through their artwork.
Conclude.

Introduction: Write Up

Symbolism is the practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events or relationships.

Based on this concept I am planning on exploring the world of narrative artwork with a focus of Fairy Tales and how they are represented in artwork. The basic Fairy Tale narratives come from the Brothers Grimm and Lewis Carroll (Alice in Wonderland).

From this introductory research I decided on the theme of Fairy Tales being represented through art. I picked this because I have loved Fairy Tales for years and find the concept of them being based on gruesome tales yet made for children intriguing. I developed the question "How are Fairy Tales represented in Art?"I am focusing on art as a whole so I can't look into different media's but I will have a focus on Photography. In addition I am not going to pinpoint certain Fairy Tales but look at artists who produce work which has Fairy Tale qualities and focus on narratives.

I will focus on many artists within my personal study, specifically; Annie Leibovitz. I believe her work represents Fairy Tales in a strong photographic way. They style of her work is obscure as she works with unconventional angles and sets. Her work reflects typical editorial style yet instantly stands out from other work typically seen in magazines. She accentuates her models inner personality and portrays them as a character which viewer are drawn in by. Another artist I will be looking at is Kirsty Mitchell, her work has many links to Fairy Tales and profess strong narratives which makes the viewer try and understand the true meanings behind her artwork. She has created photography collections based on Fairy Tale ideas and concepts and poses her models in ostentatious clothing and still makes them appear glamours and beautiful. The last artist I will be focusing on is Helen Oxenbury who juxtaposes the other two in that she produces illustrations for children which use basic colours and lines. Her work pervaded my own childhood with her illustrations accessorising many famous childhood stories.

At the end of my personal study I aim to have successfully explained the development of Fairy Tales throughout the years and how different artists expose Fairy Tales; some to be gruesome and truthful, others to be simple and happy.

375 words

Chapter 1: Chronological Study

Brief:

Choose 3-4 artists (Helen Oxenbury, Kirtsy Mitchell, Cryil Helnwein) Also include key artists found in Paris (Roy Litchenstein). How has your visit informed your ideas and your theme? What artists have had an effect on your ideas and your theme? How has this helped to answer your question? - 600 words

Plan:

Introduction to each artist:

Lotte Reiniger - 1923 - 1926 - I have chosen this artist to begin with as her work dates back to the early 1900s when she began creating Fairy Tale shadow films. I have chosen to start with her so I can show how the presentation has altered throughout the years.
Roy Litchenstein - 1964 [1] - I saw this artist in a museum on my trip to Paris. His work uses bold colours and was inspired by advertisements and comic strips. [2] He uses his artwork to communicate a narrative to viewers. One piece I liked in particular was 'We Rose up Slowely'
Helen Oxenbury - 1999 - This illustrator works with the story of Alice in Wonderland specifically. As a child I was given her illustrated book of Alice in Wonderland and loved the way she presented this classic tale. Presenting her version of the story to be classic and elegant aimed primarily towards children.
Annie Leibovitz - 2007 - Disney Campaign - will discuss her in more detail in chapter 2.
Kirsty Mitchell - 2008 - This photograph, much like myself, draws on her childhood to influence her adult photography. Kirsty Mitchell creates colourful yet ark imagery which shows a harshness to the typical presentation of Fairy Tales. Placing eccentric models in unique outfits which are over the top yet show a strong story.

Structure:

Introduction to the chapter
Lotte Reiniger
Roy Litchenstein
Helen Oxenbury
Annie Leibovitz - don't take too long as will explore this more in chapter 2
Kirsty Mitchell
Compare and contrast all 4 artists
Conclusion

Chapter 1 - write up:

In this chapter I aim to look at how the presentation of Fairy Tales has altered throughout time.

My first artist is Lotte Reiniger. She creates Fairy Tale shadow films using basic techniques. In 1922 [1] she re-told ‘Cinderella’ based on the Brothers Grimm.

Lotte Reiniger - Cinderella [1]

Spectacular Attractions Blog said: “animation allows the construction of a completely fabricated fantasy space that is bracketed off from the real world, evoking the enclosures of memory and imagination” [3]. I consider her work to create monochromatic stories with a small stage to carry out actions conveying a narrative. The use of shadow animated figures rather than definer renderings provide archetypal accounts of the tale, making characters appear more ghostly adding to the darkness and drama of the performance. Electric Sheep Magazine defined Reiniger’s work as poetic: “what Cinderella suffered from, the two sisters and her step mother, how she grew into a fairy princess, here is seen told by a pair of scissors on a screen”. I feel her work evokes a powerful response from the audience allowing them to become immersed in another world. Reiniger’s work helps answer my question due to her work depicting classic Fairy Tales in a dark way.

Roy Litchenstien is an artist I saw in Paris. His work uses bold colours and pop art styles. One piece which caught my eye was ‘We Rose up Slowly’ produced in 1964 [5].

Roy Litchenstien - We Rose up Slowly [6]

This piece has a clear narrative depicting a love tale, linking to the concept of Fairy Tales as they’re based upon love. I feel this image is powerful and the writing accentuates this: “We rose up slowly…as if we didn’t belong to the outside world any longer…like swimmers in a shadowy dream…who didn’t need to breath…” I feel that captures an essence of romance and the ‘almost’ kiss highlights this. Bold colours capture our attention and draw us to the detail of the piece . Keeping the over piece simple means we can focus on the content rather than the style. The image evokes a sense of happiness, the two lovers only need each other and feel safe with each other, conveying romance and happiness. This affected my ideas of Fairy Tales as it developed my knowledge of artworks not needing to specifically relate to Fairy Tales but just show a clear narrative. My theme isn’t shown perfectly in this piece yet the style of work itself is very unique and stands out clearly; something I want to explore in my own work. Finally, this painting helps answer my question by referring to the techniques used within Fairy Tale artwork by communicating a narrative about romance and love – key themes within this context.

Another artist is Helen Oxenbury, in 1999 she illustrated a book of Alice in Wonderland presenting it in a classic and elegant way. I have focused on the front cover illustration.

Helen Oxenbury - Front Cover Illustration [7]

The drawing has a childlike nature through the use of rough sketch lines rather than bold straight lines reinstating the playful nature of the story. Unlike many artists she has chosen to present this in a bright way which I find childlike enforcing the childlike nature of it. She has drawn Alice as a child rather than an adult instantly draws a younger audience to find it interesting and Love Reading 4 Kids said: “Full of the most wondrous wit and humour, wonderful magic and believable nonsense, this particular edition has the most stunning illustrations that complement the imaginative story that's anything but dull".[8] The illustration itself uses minimal colour creating a simplistic view of the scene and the bright blue of the girls dress draws out attention to her making her stand out. Studying this artist allowed me to widen my theme and observe how simple illustrations can communicate strong meanings and evoke powerful emotions. It helped answer my question as she shows a traditional childhood tale through simple colours and happy expressions.

My fourth artist is my main influence. Annie Leibovitz in 2007 started a Disney campaign in which she shows Fairy Tales in a dark and obscure way. I will focus solely on her in the following chapter.

My fifth artist is Kirsty Mitchell, in 2009 she began photographing models in eccentric sets and outfits which show a strong story linking to Fairy Tales. My favourite artwork by her is ‘The Ghost Swift’.

Kirsty Mitchell - The Ghost Swift [9]

At first glance I believed the model was lying on a bed of junk but as I studied it closer she was lying on a bed of butterflies. The artist has made butterflies seem dark and ominous which juxtaposes the traditional representation of butterflies. The repetition of the colour red stands out most in the photo, the fact these colours are usually associated with passion and danger tells me that she is a dark character. The image for me is very powerful and evokes strong emotions in the way it’s been structured. It’s affected my ideas about Fairy Tales is incredibly relevant here as her work uses key themes from Fairy Tales in an indiscreet way. She answers my question through the flamboyant costume the model is dressed in which reflects the extravagant nature of fairytales.

All five of these artists convey similar themes yet in completely different ways. Both Kirsty Mitchell and Roy Litchenstein focus on bright and simple presentations of Fairy Tales having stand out pieces of work. Whereas Kirsty Mitchell and Lotte Reiniger focus on a darker presentation of Fairy Tales with regards to their work. All of these artists help answer my question and expose how over time the presentation of Fairy Tales has developed but the key themes have stayed constant.

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Chapter 2: Paris

Brief:

Investigate your theme based on you own observations and research into the artists you experienced and what you saw. Compare, contrast and analyse. - 600 words

I have already written this chapter so am going to edit it slightly below

Chapter 2 - Re-write up

In October I undertook the amazing experience of going to Paris, a place I have idolised for years. It holds artwork which dates back centuries with exquisite elements of history within each piece. Some of the pieces I saw included:Mona Lisa, Les Maionnettes, ~~Mouring~~, Olympia and The Thinker. Experiencing what the city has to offer was definitely a favourite part of my trip and indulging in the Parisian culture. If I had the opportunity to visit again I would definitely try and see Liberty Leading the People and explore Litchenstein’s work more. However, the trip was stunning and one artwork which I was overwhelmed by was ~~Mourning~~ by Gotscho.

~~Mourning~~ by Gotscho had a piece of paper next to it which described the artwork in detail: “In the corner of the exhibition room, two short films by Gotcho show a complementary process of destruction and reconstruction. In each of them Anouk Feral embodies the same figure, like a Rorsbach test. One night, at The Van Cleef & Arpels exhibition at the Musee des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, between hundred of empty jewellery display stands, the squatting woman scoops up the precious stones and blood-spattered sheet bones. At the evening performance of the Romanes Gypsy Circus in Paris, sitting up in the grandstand wearing a black Perfecto, a cigarette between her lips, she puts make-up on her beauty, which is going up in the smoke. Touched nonchalantly, her face keeps disappearing from the mirror she holds, a face whose features are redrawn by the other hand. Nothing clarifies the title, crossed out with a horizontal line, except perhaps one question in extremes: which of the films in the corner is in mourning for the other?" [1] Below is a photograph I captured of the two films within the gallery.

Photo of two scenes in Gotscho ~~Mourning~~

Upon seeing this I was amazed by the colours used, they contrast greatly with one another when the red part of one film played at the same time the white part of another scene was played on the other film. The films show the same woman but present two alter ego’s. One film has a focus on the woman’s reflection in the mirror as she applies her make-up and shows clear depth of field. On the other film when she plays with jewels it symbolises dice and that she’s controlling what’s happening, possibly playing the part of the evil witch in a fairy tale who controls the tale. The films build to a clear climax, one film gradually gets faster and shows short clips quickly before slowing drastically. In the other film it builds by changing the jewels to pieces of meat which symbolise the idea of her being an evil witch of a fairy tale as it focuses on the meat then her rubbing dirty gloves on her face showing how she feels empowered. The white gloves frame a lot of the action as it’s filmed in a dirty alley they create clear contrast as they frame the jewels, meat and the face

Painting Olympia by Manet [2]

Poster for Mouling Rouge Film [3]

Moulin Rouge, a 2001 film directed by Baz Luhrmann is set in Paris and based around the idea of prostitution and falling in love. The use of red lighting throughout this film links to ~~Mourning~~ as well as the dark lighting throughout which is used mostly around close up with the main female protagonist. As well as the female protagonist being pale which makes her more of a focus within the film similarly the white gloves in ~~Mourning~~ provide the same technique. Another painting I saw in Paris also does this, Olympia by Manet makes the prostitute the main focus of the painting as she is the lightest value. Also Olympia is a portrait of a prostitute which links to Mouline Rouge idea of selling your body for money. This links to ~~Mourning~~ as the female within the film could be a prositutue hence why she is getting ‘dressed up’, additionally the use of red lighting and movement suggests she is in the ‘red light district’ which is an area of Paris associated with prostitution due to the Moulin Rouge establishment being there. All the women in theses works look nice which enforces the concept of them being prostitutes.

Paris was an incredible experience for me, it’s a place I have wanted to visit for years and finally I got to go there and experience Parisian lifestyle. The amount of influential artwork and architecture I saw was breathtaking, much of which helped deepen my interest in fairy tales. Specifically the Parisian buildings. The turrets and round shapes mirror the idea of fairy tale castles which is ironic as they were found amount city streets. Notre Dame had a fairy tale based upon it so in visiting this iconic building it sparked my interest more in fairy tale as well as the gothic architecture. As well as in the museums seeing statues and paintings which reflect the theme of Fairy Tales.

664 words

Chapter 3: Inspirational Artist

Brief

Annie Leibovitz - This should be an artist that has had a profound effect on you and your work and your theme. Keep coming back to your theme. See above to help you with this content. - 600 words

I have already written this chapter am going to edit it slightly below

Chapter 3 - Re-write up

Annie Leibovitz is my main influence within this topic. She is an editorial photographer who creates unique works which are often displayed in magazines including Vouge and Rolling Stone.

Leibovitz produced a series of works for a Disney campaign, starting in 2007 with her first image based on Alice in Wonderland staring Beyonce.

Annie Leibovitz - Alice in Wonderland [1]

This photograph features many iconic elements of the traditional Alice in Wonderland tale. Having one female in the image who personifies Alice looking directly to the camera draws our attention to her and makes the viewer feel interested by her. In contrast to this there are two men whose eyes are looking away from the camera which makes the image seem bigger and that there is more which we are not seeing. Speed has been shown through the blurred background which makes it more dynamic. The people aren’t blurred which makes them stand out more but part of them is blurred which makes it more realistic.

Her image based on Cinderella staring Scarlett Johansson [2] applies the same principles as the Alice in Wonderland image.

Photograph of 'Cinderella' [4]

This image depicts a key scene in Cinderella when she loses her slipper. I like how it's clear it's telling a story and has an obvious narrative. The dark colouring used reflects the dark side of fairytales. In an interview Annie Leibovitiz explained how she produced this photo: "On the disney project, on Cinderella, I didn't just look at animated Cinderella or the Disney stories; i went back and looked at Grimm and all the versions of the story." [3]. The quotation on the image which reads "where every Cinderella story comes true" provides a clear message of what the photograph is about. Additionally the 'W' used links to Disney's logo as it's instantly recognisable so the photograph has kept a true theme throughout. Also the childlike words show it's based to be shown to children, which challenges the darkness of the photograph. The part of the photograph which is brightest and most colourful is the woman and her dress. Our attention is drawn to her and we look at her more than other objects in the image. Additionally her dress is larger than her and goes more into the mid ground showing a sense of importance as she is larger than the castle due to the composition of the image and the perspective it's been captured from. The fact her face is looking off to the distance gives the impression there is more to the photograph and we are only seeing a portion of the scene. Also she has a brightness surrounding her which contrasts largely to the environment in which she is placed in. This communicates the idea she's in the wrong place which explains why she's moving quickly as he dress of slightly blurred showing speed. There is a spotlight around the bottom of the castle which leads onto the glass slipper which is a key part of the image, but it's small so the light leads the viewer to look at the glass slipper which they may not have noticed before. The photograph uses the rule of thirds as the castle is faintly in the top corner but the most clear part of the image is the girl in the foreground, bottom right corner. Once again this draws the viewers eye towards her and makes the image more interesting as there is more going on in the background of the image. The background of the image is taken up mostly by the castle and the smoke/spotlight at the bottom of it. The smoke at the base draws the viewers eye to the top and having it at this slight ante adds to the largeness of it. Lebovitiz shows three levels to the photo, background, mid-ground and foreground which adds depth to the photo making it more intriguing.

Photograph of a Woman Playing a Violin [5]

Image from Marks and
Spencer's 2013 christmas advert [6]

The photograph 'Woman Playing a Violin', similar to Annie Leibovitz uses depth of field to give a sense of fear surrounding the man in the background. The contrasting colours help to add to this, in the same way 'Cinderella' by Annie Leibovitz shows this both artists make the girls the lightest subject in the piece. Marks and Spencer 2013 Christmas advert also applies this technique surrounding the main female to be the lightest subject making them seem innocent and sweet. Both photographs show the decisive moment through having the girls blurred in some way, with the 'Woman Playing a Violin' her hair is flowing and slightly blurred and'Cinderella' shows her dress blurred showing she is running. In the same way the advert does this by having the girl looking shocked in each situation she is put into conveying the concept she has been caught off guard. The opening of the advert shows a dark drain hole which the actress/model falls in giving a ominious sense much like the dark background used in both the photographs. As a audience we begin to fear for this character because of this darkness which may foreshadow a future event. Marks and Spencer's business development director Patrick Bousquet-Chavanne spoke to Metro newspaper about the advert: "Working with our all-British cast, director Johan Renck has created a modern epic where fashion meets fantasy - bringing to life much loved fairy tales with more than a sprinkle of high glamour." [7] All these artists I fell adopt this idea of bringing much loved fairy tales to life in the way they design and create their work.

In conclusion, Annie Leibovitiz is a perfect example of editorial photography. She make her photos interesting yet keeps them bright and powerful hence why she has become such a well known artist.

869 words

Chapter 4: My own Development

Brief:
How has your own work developed as a result of all you have learnt from your personal study? Compare and contrast the work of your work and your artists that you have studied. How will you answer your own question in your work? - 600 words

Plan:

Artists I will respond too:

Annie Leibovitz - Alice in Wonderland
Helen Oxenbury - Alice in Wonderland

Structure:

Introduction to the chapter
Analysis of Annie Leibovitz piece
Analysis of Helen Oxenbury piece
Compare/contrast the two
Say how my work has answered my question

Chapter 4: Write Up

Within this chapter I am going to explore how my own artwork has been influenced and developed by the artists I have studied throughout this Personal Study.

My main influence within this topic was Annie Leibovitz whose work I have explored within the previous chapter. One piece of artwork which I found very interesting was 'Alice in Wonderland' a piece I analysed previously. I have responded to this piece in the form of a digital photograph.

My Response to Annie Leibovitz

I created this response piece using photographic manipulation by capturing three separate images and merging them together. I chose the her image Alice in Wonderland to respond to as it's a stunning example of her bizarre photography editorial style which is something which interests me a lot. Although it may not be of the same magnitude of her work I feel overall it is a successful photograph in exploring editorial photography. The idea of making an image appear cut off through the eyes of the model looking aside is something which interested me within her images and I replicated this as well as having the teapot mirror her eye line leading the viewer to believe their is more to this image than they are witnessing. However, due to the resources I have I haven't got as good a studio as she does therefore some lighting within this piece is off whereas her's although it may have been captured on set and not in the moment it is conveyed to be true. Her work incorporates speed and blur which gives it more of a dynamic style whereas mine is very still therefore I would like to develop my work further based on this concept and add blur to make a false sense of movement within the image.

Another key influential artist was Helen Oxenbury whose work I analysed in my first chapter. Her childlike illustrations and simple brush strokes are unique and stand out. I have responded to her work as a whole in the form of my own digital illustration.

My Response to Helen Oxenbury

I captured two separate images of a girl and a toadstool then using photographic manipulation merged them together before drawing over the piece to create an illustration. Mirroring Helen Oxenbury's work I have taken a key scene in Alice in Wonderland and presented it in my own style. I kept it simple by making it childlike with a focus on detail rather than colour to try and accurately reflect her work. The girl although she's the smallest she has been drawn in more detail and is the smallest part of the illustration which draws our attention to her; like Helen Oxenbury using the colour blue to draw our eye to the girl. However, the lack of colour brings down the quality of the illustration and Helen Oxenbury's use of colours illuminates the illustrations and brings them to life in a childlike way. On the other hand I have focused on the idea of narrative and as this is taken from a key scene in the same way as Helen Oxenbury's illustrations which allow the reader to understand the book without even needing to read the content.

Both these artists which i have chosen to respond to have helped me develop my Personal Study question "how are Fairy Tales represented in art?" as they allowed me to experiment with different medias. Additionally, the fact they are both representing the same story in polar opposite ways explores the knowledge that representations of Fairy Tales within art are so vast. An obvious difference between the two pieces is the media used but this changes the concept greatly. My response to Annie Leibovitz is far darker through the tones used which convey the idea of Fairy Tales being dark stories going back to the Brothers Grimm tales. On the other hand, my response to Helen Oxenbury is far more childlike through the basic illustration mirroring the concept Fairy Tales are innocent and playful rather than dark. They both however, include the bizarre concepts of Alice in Wonderland. My response to Annie Leibovitz shows this by placing a larger than reality teapot with a human girl inside in a seemingly normal environment. This echoes the artists own work but also how Fairy Tales are represented in obscure ways. Also my response to Helen Oxenbury shows this by placing a girl next to a giant mushroom however being an illustration rather than a photograph means it's not taken as literally and doesn't give a realistic impression but makes it ordinary.

My own work has developed hugely as a result of my Personal Study research as I have found there are many ways to represent Fairy Tales and each are just as important as each other. Also that using a variety of medias doesn't alter the quality but improves it. Within my own work I have answered my question by displaying two different presentations based on the concept of Alice in Wonderland.

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Conclusion

Brief:

Reflect and evaluate what you have done and learnt. Have you answered your question? - 300 words

Conclusion: Write Up

Overall I feel throughout this Personal Study I have learnt how many different artists can convey the same themes yet in completely different presentations.

I feel I have explored the development of Fairy Tales throughout the years and the way in which different artists have exposed Fairy Tales within their work. For example Lotte Reiniger's work focused on the traditional Fairy Tales written by the Brothers Grimm and professed this concept in her work. Whereas Helen Oxenbury a more modern artist presented a more traditional tale in a modern and childlike way using simple colours and happy expressions. Yet Lotte Reiniger's dark presentation is similar to that of Kirsty Mitchell a photograph who created work 86 years later. She however used more modern materials by showing a flamboyant and extravagant nature of Fairy Tales.

To conclude, from this project I have answered the question "how are Fairy Tales represented in art" through comparing work across years and seeing how it has developed. I found there are two main representations of Fairy Tales within art. One focuses on the dark nature discussed by the Brothers Grimm in their traditional folk tales. The other focuses on modern interpretations of the stories using bright colours and childlike drawings. I found more photographs tend to focus on the dark nature of Fairy Tales whereas illustrators and painters focus on the brighter side of the theme.

From this my own work has explored both sides of Fairy Tales but I found the darker side of Fairy Tales is far more intriguing and brings with it the opportunity to create bizarre and interesting artworks. Therefore I will continue this theme by focusing on this idea.

279 words

Total word count - 3837

Bibliography

Bibliography - Chapter 1

[1] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kku75vGDD_0

[2] http://prettycleverfilms.com/saturday-morning-cartoons/lotte-reinigers-cinderella/#.UqcA7RaSJYk

[3] http://www.animationschooldaily.com/?p=1644

[4] http://www.electricsheepmagazine.co.uk/reviews/2008/12/02/lotte-reinigers-fairy-tale-films/

[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Rose_Up_Slowly
[6] My own photograph taken in Pompidou

[7] My own photograph of the front cover of Alice in Wonderland

[8] http://www.lovereading4kids.co.uk/book/5040/Alice-s-Adventures-in-Wonderland-illustrated-by-Helen-Oxenbury--by-Lewis-Carroll.html
[9] http://www.kirstymitchellphotography.com/diary/?p=1850

Biography - Chapter 2